Jackie Gartner-Schmidt, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, ASHA-Fellow is an Associate Professor of Carlow University in the department of Speech-Language Pathology, College of Health and Wellness, in Pittsburgh, PA. Before her position with Carlow University, she was the co-director of the University of Pittsburgh Voice Center and director of the Speech-Language Pathology-Voice Division at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center for 20 years. Dr. Gartner-Schmidt’s 25-year clinical and research focus specializes in assessing and treating patients with voice and upper airway disorders. Dr. Gartner-Schmidt has over a decade of NIH-funded clinical research experience as a co-investigator focusing on the development and efficacy of different voice therapy programs and has developed and validated seven Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). She has written over 60 peer-reviewed papers, multiple book chapters, developed online courses, and presented over 500 lectures nationally and internationally. She is also a TEDx Speaker ®. Since 2013, Dr. Gartner-Schmidt has also owned Voice Now, LLC dedicated to training speakers to develop, design, and deliver presentations more effectively.

She teaches classes in voice, swallowing, and stuttering at Carlow University, as well as supervising students in the specialized voice clinic at the pro-bono Carlow SLP Clinic. She is excited to serve and foster a growth mindset in her students by incorporating experiential learning opportunities (e.g., patient actor simulations), providing one-on-one mentoring, developing a learner-centered curriculum in her courses using universal design tenets, and motivating her students to do practice-focused clinical research. Dr. Gartner-Schmidt strives to harness the power of the Sisters of Mercy heritage by serving her students to become compassionate, responsible leaders in a just and merciful world!

Education

• PhD – Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (2003) 
• Clinical Fellowship – Speech-Language Pathology Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology & Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (1995)
• MA – Audiology & Speech Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (1994)
• BA – Psychology & Vocal Performance, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada. (1989)

Professional Memberships

• Journal of Voice, Editorial Board
• Journal of Speech-Language-Hearing Research, Editorial Board
• Laryngoscope, Editorial Board
• Special Interest Group (SIG), Voice & Voice Disorders
• Member, International Association of Laryngectomies
• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)
• The Voice Foundation

Research

Interests: Vocal Health; Voice Assessment and Treatment; Upper Airway Disorders – Assessment and Treatment; Stuttering Assessment and Treatment 

• 25-year clinical and research focus specializes on the assessment and treatment of patients with voice and upper airway disorders
• Over a decade of NIH-funded clinical research experience as a co-investigator focusing on the development and efficacy of different voice therapy programs
• Developed and validated seven patient-reported outcome measures

Awards & Recognition

• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Fellowship Award (ASHA-Fellow)
• Co-Founder of the Pittsburgh Voice Consortium (PVC)

Publications

• Van Stan, J. H., Roy, N., Stemple, J., Gartner-Schmidt, J., Gillespie, A. I., Whyte, J., Duffy, J., & Turkstra, L. (2024). Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System: Content and Criterion Validity Across Evidence-Based Voice Therapies for Muscle Tension Dysphonia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 1–18. Advance online publication.
• Belsky, M. A., Awan, S. N., Rothenberger, S. D., Fry, A., & Gartner-Schmidt, J. L. (2024). Singing In The Mask: Effects Of A Variably Occluded Face Mask On Singing. Journal of Voice: official journal of the Voice Foundation, 38(2), 435–445.
• Welch, B., Gold, K., Gartner-Schmidt, J., Petrov, A., Law, A., & Helou, L. B. (2024). Variability of Maximum Glottal Angle on Clinical Sniff Task Differs in Patients With Functional and Organic Laryngeal Pathologies Compared to Healthy Controls. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, S0892-1997(23)00393-4. Advance online publication.
• Gartling, G. J., van Mersbergen, M., Crow, K., Lewandowski, A., Smith, L. J., & GartnerSchmidt, J. L. (2024). The Patient Experience: The Relationship Between Vocal Handicap, Congruency, Perceived Present Control, and Mood Across Four Voice Disorders. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 38(1), 244.e15–244.e27.
• Ribeiro, V. V., Lopes, L. W., da Silva, A. C. F., Neto, A. H. M., Gartner-Schmidt, J., & Behlau, M. (2023). Cough Severity Index: Validation in Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 37(6), 967.e15–967.e20.
• Helou, L. B., Welch, B., Hoch, S., & Gartner-Schmidt, J. (2023). Self-Reported Stress, Trauma, and Prevalence of Laryngoresponders in the General Population. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 66(7), 2230–2245.
• Dastolfo, C., Gartner-Schmidt, J., Yu, L., Carnes, O., & Gillespie, A. I. (2023). Corrigendum to Aerodynamic Outcomes of Four Common Voice Disorders: Moving Toward Disorder-specific Assessment [Journal of Voice, Volume 30, Issue 3, May 2016, Pages 301-307]. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 37(4), e2–e3.
• Belsky, M. A., Rothenberger, S. D., Gillespie, A. I., & Gartner-Schmidt, J. L. (2023). Author Response to Aerodynamic Measures in Muscle Tension Dysphonia. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 37(3), 464.
• Belsky, M. A., Shelly, S., Rothenberger, S. D., Ziegler, A., Hoffman, B., Hapner, E. R., GartnerSchmidt, J. L., & Gillespie, A. I. (2023). Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE) With and Without Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) For Patients With Presbyphonia: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 37(3), 398–409.
• Shelly, S., Rothenberger, S. D., Gartner-Schmidt, J., & Gillespie, A. I. (2023). Assessing Candidacy for Conversation Training Therapy: The Role of Patient Perception. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, S0892-1997(23)00044-9. Advance online publication.
• Gartner-Schmidt J. (2022). The New Normal – Virtual and Hybrid Presentations: Developing Content, Designing Slides, and Delivery Guidelines. Ear, nose, & throat journal, 101(9_suppl), 20S–28S.
• Gillespie AI, Fanucchi A, Gartner-Schmidt J, Belsky MA, Awan S. Phonation With a Variably Occluded Facemask: Effects of Task Duration. J Voice. 2022 Mar;36(2):183-193. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.011. Epub 2020 Jun 23. PMID: 32586639
• Gartner-Schmidt JL, Belsky MA, Awan SA, Gillespie AI. Clinician and Patient Perception of a Voice Therapy Program Utilizing a Variably-Occluded Face Mask: A Pilot Study. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2022 Feb 24. doi: 10.1159/000523686. 2022. PMID: 35203078.
• Olin JT, Shaffer M, Nauman E, Durso CS, Fan EM, Staudenmayer H, Christopher KL, Gartner-Schmidt J. Development and Validation of the Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Dyspnea Index (EILODI). J Allergy Clin Immunol. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Apr;149(4):1437-1444. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.027. Epub 2021 Oct 4. PMID: 34619181
• Gartling G, van Mersbergan M, Crow K, Smith LJ, Lewandowski A, Gartner-Schmidt JL. The Patient Experience: The Relationship Between Vocal Handicap, Congruency, Perceived Present Control, and Mood Across Four Voice Disorders. J Voice. 2021 Oct 3:S0892-1997(21)00282-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.007. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34615615
• Belsky M, Awan S, Rothenberger S, Gartner-Schmidt JL. Singing In The Mask: Effects of a Variably Occluded Face Mask On Singing. J Voice. 2021 Nov 27:S0892-1997(21)00329-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.09.026. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34848103
• Ribeiro VV, Lopes LW, da Silva ACF, Neto AHM, Gartner-Schmidt J, Behlau M. Cough Severity Index: Validation in Brazilian Portuguese. J Voice. 2021 Jul 12:S0892-1997(21)00202-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.06.014. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34266734
• Belsky MA, Shelly S, Rothenberger SD, Ziegler A, Hoffman B, Hapner ER, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Gillespie AI. Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE) With And Without Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) For Patients With Presbyphonia: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. J Voice. 2021 Mar 16;S0892-1997(21)00077-1 doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.02.015. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33741235
• Belsky MA, Rothenberger SD, Gillespie AI, Gartner-Schmidt JL. Do Phonatory Aerodynamic and Acoustic Measures in Connected Speech Differ Between Vocally Healthy Adults and Patients Diagnosed with Muscle Tension Dysphonia? J Voice. 2021 Jul;35(4):663.e1-663.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.12.019. Epub 2020 Jan 10. PMID: 31932188
• Ribeiro VV, Lopes LW, da Silva ACF, de Medeiros Neto AH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Behlau M. Cough Severity Index in Brazilian Portuguese: Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation. J Voice. 2022 Mar;36(2):289.e11-289.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.010. Epub 2020 Jun 21. PMID: 32576524
• Helou LB, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Hapner ER, Schneider SL, Van Stan JH. Mapping meta-therapy in voice interventions onto the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. Semin Speech Lang 2021 Jan;42(1):5-18. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1722756. Epub 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 33596600
• Gartner-Schmidt JL, Gillespie AI. Conversation Training Therapy: Let’s Talk it Through. Semin Speech Lang. 2021 Jan;42(1):32-40. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1722751. Epub 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 33596602
• Gillespie AI, Fanucchi A, Gartner-Schmidt J, Belsky M, Awan S. Phonation with a Variably Occluded Facemask: Effects of Task Duration. J Voice. 2020 Jun 23; S0892-1997(20)30180-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.011. [Online ahead of print.]
• Ribeiro VV, Lopes LW, França da Silva AC, Medeiros Neto AH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Behlau M. Cough Severity Index in Brazilian Portuguese: Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation. J Voice. 2020 Jun 20; S0892-1997(20)30177-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.010. [Online ahead of print]
• Jorge A, Dastolfo-Hromack C, Lipski W, Kratter IH, Smith LJ, Gartner-Schmidt J, Richardson MR. Anterior Sensorimotor Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation is Associated with Improved Voice Function. Neurosurgery. 2020 Sep 15;87(4):788-795. doi: 10.1093 PMID: 32199026
• Aydmh FE, Ozcebe E, Gartner-Schmidt J. Is the Cepstral Analysis Sensitive Enough to Detect Untrained/Trained Resonant Voice in Healthy Subjects? A Preliminary Study. H.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019 Dec 30; doi: 10.21020/husbfd.645267
• Gillespie AI, Yabes J, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt JL. Efficacy of Conversation Training Therapy for Patients with Benign Vocal Fold Lesions and Muscle Tension Dysphonia Compared to Historical Matched Patients. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2019 Nov 22. pii: S1092-4388(19) doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-19-0136.
• Akubulut S, Aydinli FE, Kuscu O, Ozcebe E, Yilmaz T, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt JL. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Reflux Symptom Index. J Voice. 2020 Nov;34(6): 965.e23-965.e28. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.05.015. Epub 2019 Jun 25. PMID: 31248727
• Esen Aydinli F, Akbulut S, Ozcebe E, Kusco O, Yilmaz T, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Singing Voice Handicap Index-10. J Voice. 2020 Mar;34(2): 304.e9-304.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Dec 8. PMID: 30529026
• Young VN, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Enver N, Rothenberger SD, Rosen CA. Characteristics and Voice Outcomes of Ulcerative Laryngitis. J Voice. 2020 Jan;34(1):105-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.07.021. Epub 2018 Aug 29. PMID: 30170913
• Awan SN, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Timmons LK, Gillespie, AI. Effects of a Variably Occluded Face Mask on the Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics of Connected Speech in Patients with and Without Voice Disorders. J Voice 2018 Aug 3. pii: S0892-1997(17)30583-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Aug 3. PMID: 30082107.
• Young VN, Rothenberger S, Gillespie AI, Smith LJ, Gartner-Schmidt J, Rosen CA. Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Voice Handicap Index-10 in Vocal Fold Paralysis. Laryngoscope, 2018 June;128(6):1419-1424. doi: 10.1002/lary.27001. Epub 2017 Dec 8. PMID: 29219184.
• Etter NM, Hapner ER, Barkmeier-Kraemer JM, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Dressler EV, Stemple JC. Aging Voice Index (AV): Reliability and Validity of a Voice Quality of Life Scale for Oder Adults. J Voice. 2018 May 7. pii: S0892-1997(18)30046-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.04.006. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 29748025
• Gillespie AI, Gartner-Schmidt J. Voice-Specialized Speech-Language Pathologists’ Criteria for Discharge from Voice Therapy. J Voice. 2018 May;32(3):332-339. Doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.22. Epub 2017 Aug 7. PMID: 28797529.
• Lewandowski A, Gillespie AI, Jeong K, Kridgen S, Yu L, Gartner-Schmidt J. Adult normative data for phonatory aerodynamics in connected speech. Laryngoscope. 2018 Apr;128(4):909-914. doi: 10.1002/lary.26922. Epub 2017 Nov 2. PMID: 29094368.
• Gillespie AI, Gartner-Schmidt J, Lewandowski A, Awan SN. An Examination of Pre- and Posttreatment Acoustic vs. Auditory Perceptual Analyses of Voice Across Four Common Voice Disorders. J Voice. 2018 Mar;32(2):169-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017. 04.018. Epub 2017 Jul 5. PMID: 28688672.
• Gilbert MR, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Rosen CA. The VHI-10 and VHI Item Reduction Translations – Are We All Speaking the Same Language? J Voice. 2017 Mar;31(2): 250.e1-250.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.07.016. Epub 2017 Jan 31. Review. PMID: 28159457.
• McLaughlin C, Swendseid B, Courey M, Schmeider S, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Yung KD. Long-term Outcomes in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Patients. Laryngoscope. 2018 Feb;128(2):430-436. doi: 10.1002/lary.26900. Epub 2017 Nov 24. PMID: 29171729.
• Dastolfo C, Thomas TL, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J. Singing Voice Outcomes Following Singing Voice Therapy. Laryngoscope. 2016 Nov;126(11):2546-2551. doi: 10.1002/lary.25962. PMID: 27345762.
• Gartner-Schmidt J, Gherson S, Hapner E, Roth D, Schneider S, Gillespie A. The Development of Conversation Training Therapy: A Concept Paper. Journal of Voice. 2016 Sep;30(5):563-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.007. PMID: 26264642.
• Gillespie AI, Gartner-Schmidt J. Immediate Effect of Stimulability Assessment on Acoustic, Aerodynamic, and Patient-Perceptual Measure of Voice. Journal of Voice. 2016 Jul;30(4): 507.e9-507.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.004. PMID: 26233382.
• Dastolfo C, Gartner-Schmidt J, Carnes O, Gillespie AI. Aerodynamic Outcomes of Four Common Voice Disorders: Moving Toward Disorder Specific Assessment. J Voice. 2016 May; 30(3)301-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.03.017.PMID:26001500
• Akbulut S, Gartner-Schmidt J, Gillespie A, Young V, Smith L, Rosen C. Voice Outcomes Following Treatment of Benign Mid-membranous Vocal Lesions Using a Nomenclature Paradigm. Laryngoscope. 2016 Feb;126(2):415-20. Doi: 10.1002/lary.25488. PMID: 26404117. (2016 Received 2nd place in European Phoniatrics Voice Award).
• Gartner-Schmidt J, Hirai R, Dastolfo C, Rosen CA, Gillespie AI. Phonatory Aerodynamics in Connected Speech. Laryngoscope. 2015 Dec;125(12):2764-71. Doi: 10.1002/lary.25458. Epub 2015 Jul 21. PMID: 26197727.
• Litts J, Gartner-Schmidt J, Clary MS, Gillepsie AI. Impact of laryngologist and speech pathologist co-assessment on outcomes and billing revenue. Laryngoscope. 2015 May 27. doi: 10.1002/lary.25349. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:26013916.
• Nanjundeswaren C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Verdolini-Abbott K. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): Development and Validation. J Voice. 2015 Jul; 29(4):433-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012. Epub 2015 Mar 17. PMID: 25795356.
• Young VN, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J. Comparison of Voice Outcomes after Trial and Long-term Vocal Fold Augmentation in Vocal Fold Atrophy. Laryngoscope. 2015 Apr;125(4):934-40. doi: 10.1002/lary.25043. Epub 2015 Feb 3. PMID: 25646841.
• Gartner-Schmidt J, Shembel AC, Zullo TG, Rosen CA. Development and Validation of the Dyspnea Index (DI): A Severity Index for Upper-Airway Related Dyspnea. Journal of Voice. 2014 Nov;28(6):775-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.12.017 [Epub 2014 Oct 12] PMID: 25311596.
• Gillespie AI, Dastolfo C, Magid N, Gartner-Schmidt J. Acoustic analysis of four common voice diagnoses: moving toward disorder specific assessment. J Voice. 2014 Sep;28(5):582-8. doi: 10.1016/jvoice.2014.02.002 [Epub 2014 May 28] doi: 10.1016/jvoice.2014.02.002 PMID: 24880672.
• Young VN, Mallur PS, Wong AW, Mandal R, Staltari GV, Gartner-Schmidt J, Rosen CA. Analysis of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser Settings and Voice Outcomes in the Treatment of Reinke’s Edema. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2014 August 28. pii: 10.1177/0003489414549155 [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25169585.
• Zeigler A, Dastolfo C, Hersan R, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J. Perceptions of Voice Therapy from Patients Diagnosed with Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia and Benign Mid-Membranous Vocal Fold Lesions. J Voice. 2014 Nov;28(6):742-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 May 17. PMID: 24841669
• Gillespie AI, Gooding W, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J. Correlation of VHI-10 to Voice Laboratory Measurements Across Five Common Voice Disorders. J Voice. Jul;28(4):440-8. Mar 31. pii: S0892-1997(13)00236-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.10.023. [Epub] PMID: 24698885.
• Shembel AC, Rosen CA, Zullo TG, Gartner-Schmidt J. Development and Validation of the Cough Severity Index (CSI): A Severity Index for Chronic Cough Related to the Upper-Airway. Laryngoscope, 2013 Aug;123(8):1931-6. doi: 10.1002/lary.23916 [Epub 2013 Jun 4] PMID: 23737389.
• Gillespie A, Gartner-Schmidt J. Aerodynamic profiles of females with muscle tension dysphonia/aphonia. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2013 Apr;56(2):481-8. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0217).
• Gartner-Schmidt J, Roth D, Zullo TG, Rosen CA. Quantifying component parts of indirect and direct voice therapy related to different voice disorders. J Voice. 2013 Mar;27(2):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.11.007. Epub 2013 Jan 22. Journal of Voice Top Ten Science Direct Articles, Jan-June 2013. PMID: 23352061.
• Mallur P, Gartner-Schmidt J, Rosen CA. Voice Outcomes Following Gray Minithyrotomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012 Jul;121(7):490-6.
• Arffa RE, Krishna P, Gartner-Schmidt J, Rosen CA. Normative Values for the Voice Handicap Index-10. J Voice. 2012 July;26(4):462-5. PMID: 21816570.
• Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J, Hathaway B, Simpson CB, Postma GN, Courey M, Sataloff RT. Nomenclature paradigm for mid-membranous vocal fold lesions. Laryngoscope 2012 Jun;122(6):1335-41. doi: 10.1002/lary.22421.
• Gartner-Schmidt J, Rosen CA. Treatment Success for Age-related Vocal Fold Atrophy. Laryngoscope 2011 Mar;121(3):585-9.
• Carroll T, Gartner-Schmidt J, Statham M, Rosen CA. Vocal process granuloma and glottal insufficiency: An overlooked etiology? Laryngoscope. 2010 Jan;120(1):114-20.
• Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J, Casiano R, Anderson TD, Johnson F, Reussner L, Remacle M, Sataloff RT, Abitbol J, Shaw G, Archer S, McWhorter A. Vocal Fold Augmentation with Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA): Twelve Month Report. Laryngoscope. 2009 May;119(5):1033-41.
• Dietrich M, Verdolini K, Gartner-Schmidt J, Rosen CA. The frequency of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with common pathologies affecting voice. J Voice. 2008 Jul; 2(4):472-88.
• Gartner-Schmidt JL, Rosen CA, Radhakrishnan N, Ferguson BJ. Odor Provocation Test for Laryngeal Hypersensitivity. J Voice. 2008 May;22(3):333-8. Journal of Voice Best Paper Award in the Clinical Medicine Category.
• Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J, Casiano R, Anderson TD, Johnson F, Reussner L, Remacle M, Sataloff RT, Abitbol J, Shaw G, Archer S, McWhorter A. Vocal fold augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Feb;136(2):198-204.
• Bové M, Daamen N, Rosen C, Wang C, Sulica L, Gartner-Schmidt J: Development and Validation of the Vocal Tremor Scoring System. Laryngoscope. 2006 Sept; 116(9):1662-8.
• Kwon T, Rosen CA, Gartner-Schmidt J. Preliminary Results of a New Temporary Vocal Fold Injection Material. J Voice. 2005 Dec; 19(4):668-73.
• Bosley B, Rosen CA, Simpson CB, McMullin BT, Gartner-Schmidt J. Medial Arytenoidectomy versus Transverse Cordotomy as a Treatment for Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2005 Dec; 114(12):922-6.